IN FOCUS: CSIR-NIIST, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
The CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), headquartered in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, is a premier research institute under the prestigious Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India’s largest research and development organisation. As one of the 38 constituent laboratories within the CSIR network, NIIST plays a pivotal role in spearheading scientific research and industrial innovations. CSIR-NIIST is tasked with converting scientific research into tangible outcomes, transforming scientific knowledge into practical technologies that address societal needs, advance industrial development, and contribute to national progress.
India has long been recognised for its robust scientific community, and CSIR-NIIST stands as a shining example of this tradition. Over the decades, the institute has evolved into a critical hub for interdisciplinary research, emphasising collaboration across various scientific domains. It is renowned for its cutting-edge contributions in fields as diverse as chemical sciences, environmental technology, energy solutions, bioprocessing, and agricultural innovations. NIIST’s work is not confined to the laboratory; its mission is to make a lasting impact on the world by creating solutions to some of the most pressing issues faced by humanity today — such as climate change, sustainable development, and the need for renewable energy.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND EVOLUTION
CSIR-NIIST’s illustrious history began with its founding as the Industrial Testing and Research Laboratory (ITRL). Established by the Government of Kerala, the primary aim of ITRL was to support local industries through comprehensive testing and research services. The laboratory provided critical insights into improving the performance and competitiveness of industries central to Kerala’s economy, including processing of spices, building materials, and aluminium casting. During its early years, ITRL laid the foundation for innovation in these industries, providing them with the technological support needed to optimise processes, improve product quality, and enhance industrial output.
Recognising the growing demand for research and development on a national scale, ITRL was integrated into the CSIR network in 1975. This integration marked a significant turning point in the lab’s trajectory, as it transitioned from a regional industrial support centre to a national research powerhouse. The name was changed to the Regional Research Laboratory (RRL) in 1978 to reflect its broader mandate. RRL expanded its focus to provide research support across diverse industries in South India, addressing the unique industrial needs of the region and contributing to the country’s scientific and technological advancement.
All Images Courtesy: CSIR-NIIST
As science advanced and interdisciplinary collaboration became more critical, the institute underwent another transformation in 2007, when it was renamed the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
(NIIST). This renaming reflected its expanded scope, as NIIST positioned itself as a national leader in interdisciplinary
research. The shift signalled a transition from providing regional support to tackling complex, global scientific challenges. With a focus on addressing critical issues such as sustainability, climate change, energy efficiency, and environmental conservation, CSIR-NIIST exemplifies the modern research institute, combining a multidisciplinary approach with a commitment to practical, real-world applications. Presently, Dr C Anandharamakrishnan is the Director of the institute. Prior to this, he served as the Director of the National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Thanjavur (an Institute of National Importance; formerly known as Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT)), from 2016.
MANDATE AND RESEARCH FOCUS
The mandate of CSIR-NIIST is to conduct high quality research and development (R&D) in areas that are important to the country and that make effective use of regional resources. The institute’s research priorities span an impressive range of scientific disciplines, ensuring a comprehensive approach to problem-solving. Its core research divisions include Chemical Sciences, Materials Science, Biotechnology, Environmental Science, Energy Research, Agro-processing, and Microbial Technology. By integrating these diverse fields, CSIR-NIIST is able to address complex, multifaceted challenges with innovative solutions.
A distinctive feature of NIIST’s research is its application-oriented focus, which aims to translate laboratory discoveries into real-world technologies that can be rapidly deployed to benefit industry and society. As the world faces mounting challenges related to climate change, resource depletion, and food security, the institute has expanded its research portfolio to include emerging areas such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). These technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to improve efficiency, optimize industrial processes, and develop smarter solutions that respond to modern-day technological challenges.
CSIR-NIIST’s research efforts are particularly concentrated on developing solutions for renewable energy, environmental sustainability, and biotechnology. The institute’s Energy Research Division is involved in developing cutting-edge renewable energy technologies, including agrivoltaics, which combines solar energy generation with agriculture, and advanced biofuel production methods. In the field of biotechnology, the Microbial Technology Division focuses on innovations in enzyme production and microbial processes, contributing to the advancement of bio-industrial applications. These efforts highlight the institute’s role as a leader in translational research, where scientific discoveries are swiftly turned into commercially viable products or processes that benefit industries and society at large.
KEY RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS AND INNOVATIONS
CSIR-NIIST has been at the forefront of groundbreaking research, making significant contributions across various sectors that have earned national and global recognition. Among its most celebrated innovations are its contributions to the development of biodegradable materials and sustainable products derived from agricultural residues. By focusing on using renewable resources, NIIST has created eco-friendly alternatives to single-use plastics and other environmentally damaging materials. These products — such as biodegradable plates, straws, and spoons made from rice husk, wheat bran, and pineapple leaves — are not only biodegradable, but also water-resistant and microwave-friendly. They are a testament to the institute’s commitment to promoting sustainable manufacturing and reducing the global burden of plastic waste.
The institute’s innovative research also extends to vegan leather technology, where it has developed a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional leather. Conventional leather production involves environmentally hazardous chemicals, whereas NIIST’s vegan leather, made from agricultural residues, provides an ethical and sustainable solution that is gaining attention from startups and entrepreneurs worldwide. This breakthrough aligns with the growing demand for sustainable and cruelty-free alternatives to synthetic and animal leather, making NIIST a pioneer in green technology.
In the realm of human health, CSIR-NIIST has made notable advancements in the study of food digestion. Understanding the intricate bio-mechano-chemical process of digestion is crucial for developing food products with enhanced nutritional value. The institute has developed a dynamic method to simulate gastric and intestinal conditions, providing a more ethical alternative to traditional animal models. This system allows for a detailed study of how food is broken down, absorbed, and transformed during digestion, offering valuable insights that could lead to the creation of healthier, more nutritious food products.
The institute’s work in biomedical waste management has also garnered attention for its innovative solutions to one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. A team of scientists at CSIR-NIIST has developed a novel dual disinfection-solidification system for the safe disposal of biomedical waste. This eco-friendly system not only disinfects the waste but also converts it into useful soil additives, addressing the growing need for sustainable waste disposal solutions while promoting agricultural productivity. Such innovations reflect the institute’s broader commitment to environmental sustainability and its role as a leader in developing technologies that minimize ecological impact.
In a significant step towards reducing plastic waste, CSIR-NIIST recently developed Compostable Bio-resin Coating, an innovative biodegradable coating designed as an alternative to plastic liners. This technology has already been successfully transferred to a startup based in Panipat, Haryana, marking an important milestone in the institute’s efforts to promote sustainable materials in industries such as packaging. This coating not only addresses the environmental issues associated with conventional plastics but also provides a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution for industries looking to adopt sustainable practices.
SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CSIR-NIIST’s commitment to sustainability is evident in its pioneering environmental technologies, which address some of the most critical environmental challenges of our time. One of its most significant innovations is the development of a dual disinfection-solidification system for biomedical waste management, ensuring the safe disposal of hazardous waste while converting it into beneficial soil additives. This technology not only mitigates the environmental impact of biomedical waste but also contributes to enhancing agricultural productivity, showcasing how scientific innovation can drive sustainability.
Another key innovation from the institute is the Onsite Modular Wastewater Treatment and Reuse System (NOWA), a cost-effective solution designed for small and medium-sized enterprises that generate organic wastewater. This scalable technology enables the treatment and reuse of wastewater, significantly reducing environmental pollution while conserving water resources. By offering such practical solutions, CSIR-NIIST is playing a critical role in promoting environmental sustainability in industries across India.
Left: Onsite Modular Wastewater Treatment and Reuse System (NOWA) is designed for small and medium-sized enterprises; Right: Sustainable and eco-friendly vegan leather is also developed at CSIR-NIIST
ENERGY INNOVATIONS
In the energy sector, CSIR-NIIST has been actively engaged in developing innovative solutions to meet the growing demand for renewable energy. Its work in agrivoltaics, which combines agriculture with solar energy generation, offers a promising dual land-use solution that benefits both farmers and the energy sector. Additionally, NIIST leads the PAN-CSIR consortium for the production of 2G ethanol from agro-residues, a project that supports India’s biofuel strategy and contributes to both energy security and environmental conservation. The institute’s efforts have culminated in the establishment of India’s first integrated lignocellulosic ethanol pilot plant in the public sector at its campus in Thiruvananthapuram, a major milestone in the nation’s journey towards achieving large-scale biofuel production from agricultural by-products.
ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
CSIR-NIIST is deeply invested in the future of India’s scientific community, placing great emphasis on human resource development. The institute actively fosters a culture of academic excellence by offering a range of educational programmes and research opportunities for budding scientists. Through its collaborations with universities, the institute provides opportunities for students to engage in cutting-edge research, contributing to the growth of India’s scientific talent pool. Its scientists serve as mentors, guiding the next generation of researchers and innovators, ensuring that India’s scientific future is as promising as its past.
CSIR-NIIST also collaborates extensively with industry and academia, establishing a thriving network of partnerships that enable the commercialisation of its innovations. These collaborations facilitate the transfer of technology to industries, promoting the rapid adoption of sustainable practices and innovative solutions. By partnering with stakeholders from various sectors, the institute ensures that its research is aligned with the needs of the market, maximising its impact on society.
ACCREDITATIONS AND ANALYTICAL SERVICES
CSIR-NIIST’s Centralized Instrument Facility is a hub for cutting-edge analytical services, catering to industries, researchers, and entrepreneurs alike. The institute holds prestigious accreditations such as NABET for environmental impact assessments and NABL for testing services like dioxin and PCB analysis. These accreditations reflect the institute’s dedication to maintaining the highest standards of scientific integrity and precision, ensuring that its services meet the needs of both industry and academia.
THE MILESTONE YEAR
CSIR-NIIST exemplifies the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in solving some of the most complex challenges facing humanity today. From its humble beginnings as a regional testing laboratory to its current role as a leader in cutting-edge research, the institute has consistently demonstrated its ability to translate scientific discoveries into practical applications that benefit industry and society. With its focus on sustainable development, renewable energy, environmental conservation, and biotechnology, CSIR-NIIST is not only advancing scientific knowledge but also shaping a more sustainable and innovative future for India and the world.
This year, CSIR-NIIST is celebrating its Golden Jubilee Milestone, marking 50 years of pioneering contributions to science and technology. As part of this momentous occasion, the institute has planned a series of high-profile events throughout the year. This milestone year not only honours CSIR-NIIST’s rich legacy but also sets the stage for its future scientific endeavours.
For more information and details on our Research and Development and the services provided, we welcome all to visit our website, www.niist.res.in
*Dr C Anandharamakrishnan is Director, CSIR-NIIST, and Dr Ribin Jones SB is Principal Scientist, Director’s
S&T Unit, CSIR-NIIST
