Author: Sripathi Gollapalli
The southwest monsoon is a central component of India’s hydroclimate. Its onset, progression and seasonal distribution influence sowing decisions, soil-moisture availability, reservoir storage, groundwater recharge, hydropower generation and rural livelihoods. The June-September southwest monsoon contributes nearly 80% of India’s annual rainfall and supports the kharif cropping season. The October-December northeast monsoon is also important for Tamil Nadu, Rayalaseema, southern Andhra Pradesh and adjoining parts of southeast India. The 2026 monsoon requires close monitoring because the tropical Pacific has shifted toward El Nino conditions, and international ENSO outlooks indicate an elevated probability that these conditions may persist through the monsoon and…